PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a leading technology for the environmentally friendly production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to divide water into its constituent elements: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a permeable barrier, allowing protons to travel between while blocking the passage of charges. This

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant developments in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements feature improvements in catalyst materials, membrane performance, and system configuration. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly attractive for various ap